Generally speaking, metal metals refer to the three elements of metal, oxygen and nitrogen, because they are in state under normal conditions.It is listed as a solid element in the cycle table, and if these elements exist in the gold, they will be regarded as the hardware in the gold.
In recent years, due to the development of new technologies and the use of new industries, the metal elements in metal alloys are not only iron, oxygen and nitrogen.Three, there may also be some inert elements, such as the use of metal as protective atmosphere metallurgical alloy materials, then in these materialsThere is the existence of cymbals in the. One thing that needs to be made clear, however, is that some people think that carbon (even sulfur) should also be included in gold.The mass element of the. The reason is that the form of carbon dissolved in gold is similar to that of hydrogen and nitrogen, and the determination of carbon is also based on the determination of carbon.Turn intoCO、CO2 and other metastatic compounds were then determined by external method. Tube carbon and bulk elements have the same properties.There are testing methods and testers with the same principle, but from the perspective of scientific concepts, carbon and sulfur should not be affected.The solid element in the gold, because these two elements are listed as solid in the cycle table.
A history of mass analysis in Jinzhong
The determination of nitrogen in gold by chemical method can be traced back to 1834 to 1883.In the year of the year (J.G.C.T.KjeldahlThe method of determining nitrogen (Kirschner method) is a classical method and has been used up to now.*Early determination of oxygen in copper is Redbauer (A.Ledebur) in1882The annual reduction method.1872Year Pali (J.Parry) in the realThe air is added to the air to be released from the air, which is the shape measured by the vacuum extraction method. The determination of oxygen in oxygen by vacuum melting method begins with1912In 2008, it developed into the measurement system.O2、H2AndN2However, the vacuum melting method is only recognized as the classic method of oxygen in deposit deposit.The classical method of deposit deposit is vacuum extraction.1903Year hydantoin (E.Heyn) it is important to add nitrogen extraction.Thank you.1940Singh (L.Singer) determination of oxygen in nitrogen by melting method. Physical method in20Shizuo50The beginning of the yearHardware analysis should be used initially. The early inertia addition or melting methods were developed because of the large gap.1965A few years agoI don't know what to do.A.M.Baccepmah), etc., have made progress in the field of sample addition, and the method of external determination of oxygen is used.The price is added to a high level in an instant.3000℃ .1969The United States inLECOThe company has improved the inert melting method.In the world of nitrogen determination, oxygen determination and determination of oxygen, these devices have the advantages of simple equipment, fast analysis and so on.20Shizuo70Merchandise equipment appeared after the 1990's. In recent years, with the application of computers, analytical instruments have been constantly updated, and new devices have been widely used.innovation.
Professor Li Dong, a metallurgist and founder of the analysis of metal and oxygen in China, established the vacuum addition method in 1953.Determine the equipment of the medium and apply it.1954The annual development table chemical method is used for the determination of intermediate oxygen.1956Vacuum melting micrometer was established inDetermination of oxygen in oxygen by spectrophotometry1965After the annual change, it will be finalized asBy-001Type. After that, the method will not be improved or improved, such as using it.By means of phase chromatography, the vacuum melting mass analysis was studied, and the Kirschner nitrogen and doxorubicin nitrogen were established. Inert metal melting oxygenThe DC carbon arc phase color method is used.1968At the beginning of the year, we began to study the method of adding phase color to determine the oxygen content and shape of the product.The device can be measured at the same timeO2、H2AndN2.1975Annual research on the induction of nitrogen generation and the rapid determination of self-activating program control**The sample is made of quartz crucible.1988In 2000, ceramic crucibles were used to determine the metal in the steel and produce it in a stereotyped way. In the same year, Sancheng was born and scattered.Measure the size of the instrument.20Shizuo70Determination of gold by age-inert metal melting methodO2、H2AndN2The balance of national products in the world1982The annual research has been carried out to determine nitrogen by floating melting and vacuum heating. New checking methods such as matching method, phase color method,The external absorption method and the absorption rate method are first and then applied to metallurgical analysis. China's mass analysis is based on50The beginning of the decade is true.Laboratory research, to70In the 1990's, it moved towards stereotyped products, forming a series of self-designed and self-made mass analysis tools.With the development of new materials and new analytical techniques, solid analysis tools will continue to become thinner and better.
The theoretical basis of Mass Analysis in Metals
The behavior and existence forms of metal in metal are as follows: 1) dissolved in gold in atomic state to form interstitial solid solution; 2)Form a compound with gold3) exists in the form of a state substance or bubble.4) adsorbed on the surface of gold. The score of gold in the middle of the massThe process of analysis is to change the phase from cohesion to phase measurement. The behavior of oxygen and nitrogen in metal should be fully understood.The main principles of adsorption, dissolution, dispersion and thermochemistry of solutes in metal. The mass content of check gold is constantly mentioned.New methods are all related to these basic theories.
Adsorption.
Including physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. The adsorption of the bulk has a great influence on the results of the analysis. In the gold test formThe surface and carbon reduction melting method is used to analyze the adsorbed substances on the inner wall of the system and the surface of the graphite crucible, which must be removed before the analysis.Otherwise, the analysis results will be on the high side. Bulk adsorption is a radiological phenomenon, and the amount of chemical adsorption is larger than that of physical adsorption. Adsorption.The bulk density increases but decreases, so addition can remove the adsorbed mass on the surface of the object. At high temperatures, when carbon is present,Oxygen can be easily combined with carbon.COMass. The melting method passes through high temperature and is discharged by continuous vacuum or inert brushes.The attached memory reduces the blank value from it. In addition, the software released during the analysis process--CO、H2AndN2Will beThe results of analysis are on the low side due to the adsorption of gold steaming, gold film and carbon film. Application of molten pool technology to reduce the fraction of active metal steamingAt the same time, the graphite crucible is covered with a quartz cover or a movable spherical graphite plug to make the metal sink in the high area and reduce it.Adsorption capacity.
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